It’s impossible to move in any form of media without hearing the word “metadata” over and over again. Most of us are so overloaded with information that hearing one more word we don’t understand (but should) is enough to make us run screaming from the room.
However, the word “metadata” is one authors do indeed need to learn and understand. When you break it down, it’s not that daunting.
Meta: prefix meaning
1. “after, behind,”
2. “changed, altered,”
3. “higher, beyond,” from Gk. meta (prep.) “in the midst of, in common with, by means of, in pursuit or quest of,” from PIE *me- “in the middle” (cf. Goth. miþ, O.E. mið “with, together with, among;” (dictionary.com)
Data:
1: a plural of datum.
2: individual facts, statistics, or items of information: These data represent the results of our analyses. Data are entered by terminal for immediate processing by the computer.
3. a body of facts; information: Additional data is available from the president of the firm. (dictionary.com)
So, if we put the two words together:
Metadata: Individual items of information, or a body of facts and information, that is higher or beyond, individual data.
In other words, metadata is data about data. Or, to make it simpler: facts about facts. Or items of information about items of information. Or statistics about statistics (insert collective shudder here). But we’ll just stick with facts and information here, which suits our purposes.
How does metadata apply to a book? Well, again, let’s break it down. I’ll use Elizabeth Sinclair’s Summer Rose as an example. Here’s the data almost everyone would know right off the bat:
Title: Summer Rose
If I were recommending you read this book, this would be the minimum data I would give you:
“You should read Summer Rose.”
What if there was more than one book out there titled Summer Rose? You’d need more data:
“You should read Summer Rose, by Elizabeth Sinclair.”
But what if you wanted to know more? I would need to give you still more data:
“You should read Summer Rose, by Elizabeth Sinclair. It’s the second book in her Hawks Mountain series.”
Not enough data for you? How about this:
“You should read Summer Rose, by Elizabeth Sinclair. It’s the second book in her Hawks Mountain series. It was published in January 2012 by Bell Bridge Books, and has a five-star rating on Amazon.”
By now, the reader has enough data to make a decision about investigating the book further, or purchasing the book, and enough data to be able to find it easily. The reader knows the title, author, series name, date of publication, publisher, and the rating to be able to find the right edition of Summer Rose.
So why do we need metadata, then, if the human who plans to read the book now has enough information about the book to purchase it?
Because as we know, computers don’t talk to each other in plain English. The computer is less interested in knowing the title and author of the book than it is in knowing the International Standard Book Number (ISBN), the Amazon identification number, and other information about the book’s content. Other information might include the size of the file, where it was created, the exact date it was uploaded, how long the book is, and perhaps even a short summary of the book. And, of course, the author’s favorite color, what she had for breakfast, and how many people were present when she was born. (Nah, just messing with you.)
The more metadata attached to the book, the easier the book is to track. Publishers use metadata in order to have instant access to every bit of information about the book. Bookstores use metadata to order and ship books. Libraries use metadata to order books, and to shelve and organize them when they arrive in the library. Readers with large ebook collections can use metadata to organize those collections.
Here is an example of what metadata looks like in the popular ebook-management program, calibre*, again, using Summer Rose:
This is an easy-to-understand collection of metadata. Starting at the top left, we have the title, author and series. Moving one step to the right, we can see that I chose to sort the book by title, the author by last name first, and the book is second in its series. One more step to the right and we see where I got the book and the size of the file.
Then we have that lovely cover. If we do not have a cover, the buttons to the right of the cover “spot” help us locate and download the cover, or generate a cover of our own if the book has no cover. (Some self-published ebooks don’t, although they should.)
We find more information about the book underneath those buttons: rating, tags, ISBN and Amazon ID numbers, the date I added the book to my collection through calibre, publish date, publisher, and languages in which the book is available.
In the lower right corner, calibre allows the user to add comments of his/her own, to further organize the book in a personal collection, or for any special notes a reader wishes to keep.
So there you have it. The last thing you need to know about metadata is that it is not confined to books. Metadata can be attached to documents, photos, even websites. Again, the more metadata we have, the more information we have about the book, document, photo, or website.
*Note: Spelling “calibre” with a lower-case “c” is not an error on my part. It is the way the developers refer to the program.











